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+====== Simple uCarp lab  ======
+This lab use the fixed ucarp rc script (introduced in BSDRP 0.34).
+===== Network Diagram =====
+{{:documentation:examples:bsdrp-example-ucarp.png|}}
+===== Creating the lab with VirtualBox =====
+Start a lab using the [[documentation:examples:How to build a BSDRP router lab|virtualbox-lab script]]:
+<code>
+[root@d630]./virtualbox.sh -i BSDRP_0.34_full_i386_serial.img.bz2 -n 4 -l 2
+Bzipped image detected, unzip it...
+filename guests a i386 image
+filename guests a serial image
+Image file given… rebuilding BSDRP router template
+Creating lab with 4 router(s):
+- 2 LAN between all routers
+- Full mesh ethernet point-to-point link between each routers
+Router1 have the following NIC:
+em0 connected to Router2.
+em1 connected to Router3.
+em2 connected to Router4.
+em3 connected to LAN number 1.
+em4 connected to LAN number 2.
+Router2 have the following NIC:
+em0 connected to Router1.
+em1 connected to Router3.
+em2 connected to Router4.
+em3 connected to LAN number 1.
+em4 connected to LAN number 2.
+Router3 have the following NIC:
+em0 connected to Router1.
+em1 connected to Router2.
+em2 connected to Router4.
+em3 connected to LAN number 1.
+em4 connected to LAN number 2.
+Router4 have the following NIC:
+em0 connected to Router1.
+em1 connected to Router2.
+em2 connected to Router3.
+em3 connected to LAN number 1.
+em4 connected to LAN number 2.
+Connect to the router 1 by telneting to localhost on port 8001
+Connect to the router 2 by telneting to localhost on port 8002
+Connect to the router 3 by telneting to localhost on port 8003
+Connect to the router 4 by telneting to localhost on port 8004
+Connect to the router 4 by telneting to localhost on port 8005
+Here is how to use a serial terminal software for connecting to the routers:
+. Create a bridge between the socat port and a local PTY link
+   socat TCP-CONNECT:localhost:8001 PTY,link=/tmp/router1 &
+. Open your serial terminal software using the local PTY link just created
+   Using screen/byobu:
+       screen /tmp/router1 38400
+   Or using tip (FreeBSD):
+       echo "router1:dv=/tmp/router1:br#38400:pa=none:" >> /etc/remote
+       tip router1
+Warning: Closing your session will close socat on both end
+</code>
+===== Configuring Routers =====
+==== Router 1 (R1) ====
+<code>
+sysrc hostname=R1
+sysrc gateway_enable=NO
+sysrc ipv6_gateway_enable=NO
+sysrc defaultrouter="192.168.10.254"
+sysrc ifconfig_em3="192.168.10.1/24"
+service netif restart
+service routing restart
+</code>
+==== Router 2 (R2) ====
+<code>
+sysrc hostname=R2
+sysrc ifconfig_em3="192.168.10.2/24"
+sysrc ifconfig_em4="10.0.0.2/24"
+sysrc ucarp_enable=YES
+sysrc ucarp_3_if="em3"
+sysrc ucarp_3_src="192.168.10.2"
+sysrc ucarp_3_pass="passcarp3"
+sysrc ucarp_3_preempt="NO"
+sysrc ucarp_3_addr="192.168.10.254"
+sysrc ucarp_4_if="em4"
+sysrc ucarp_4_src="10.0.0.2"
+sysrc ucarp_4_pass="passcarp4"
+sysrc ucarp_4_preempt="NO"
+sysrc ucarp_4_addr="10.0.0.254"
+service netif restart
+service routing restart
+service ucarp start
+</code>
+==== Router 3 (R3) ====
+<code>
+sysrc hostname=R3
+sysrc ifconfig_em3="192.168.10.3/24"
+sysrc ifconfig_em4="10.0.0.3/24"
+sysrc ucarp_enable="YES"
+sysrc ucarp_3_if="em3"
+sysrc ucarp_3_src="192.168.10.3"
+sysrc ucarp_3_pass="passcarp3"
+sysrc ucarp_3_preempt="NO"
+sysrc ucarp_3_addr="192.168.10.254"
+sysrc ucarp_3_advskew="100"
+sysrc ucarp_4_if="em4"
+sysrc ucarp_4_src="10.0.0.3"
+sysrc ucarp_4_pass="passcarp4"
+sysrc ucarp_4_preempt="NO"
+sysrc ucarp_4_addr="10.0.0.254"
+sysrc ucarp_4_advskew="100"
+service netif restart
+service routing restart
+service ucarp start
+</code>
+==== Router 4 (R4) ====
+<code>
+sysrc hostname=R4
+sysrc gateway_enable=NO
+sysrc defaultrouter="10.0.0.254"
+sysrc ifconfig_em4="10.0.0.4/24"
+service netif restart
+service routing restart
+config save
+</code>
+===== Checking configuration =====
+==== uCarp state ====
+On R2:
+<code>
+[root@R2]~#cat /var/log/messages | grep ucarp
+Jul 27 17:54:02 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Switching to state: MASTER
+Jul 27 17:54:02 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-up em3 192.168.10.254]
+Jul 27 17:54:02 R2 ucarp[1819]: [WARNING] Switching to state: MASTER
+Jul 27 17:54:02 R2 ucarp[1819]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-up em4 10.0.0.254]
+</code>
+//R2 is the uCarp master for vrid 3 and 4.//
+On R3:
+<code>
+[root@R3]~#cat /var/log/messages | grep ucarp
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R3 ucarp[1228]: [WARNING] Switching to state: BACKUP
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R3 ucarp[1228]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-down em4 10.0.0.254]
+k to BACKUP state
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R3 ucarp[1225]: [WARNING] Switching to state: BACKUP
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R3 ucarp[1225]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-down em3 192.168.10.254]
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R3 ucarp[1225]: [WARNING] Preferred master advertised: going back to BACKUP state
+</code>
+//R3 is the uCarp backup for vrid 3 and 4.//
+==== Forwarding and ARP state ====
+Pinging R4 from R1:
+<code>
+[root@R1]~#ping 10.0.0.4
+PING 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4): 56 data bytes
+bytes from 10.0.0.4: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=2.932 ms
+bytes from 10.0.0.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=2.360 ms
+</code>
+And checking ARP cache:
+<code>
+[root@R1]~#arp -a | grep 192.168.10.254
+? (192.168.10.254) at cc:cc:00:00:01:02 on em3 expires in 1186 seconds [ethernet]
+</code>
+<note>The MAC address of the virtual CARP IP is the real MAC of the interface in MASTER state (and not a virtual MAC adress) due to the IP alias creation on the MASTER node: Gratious ARP is needed when switching carp state between two node</note>
+==== Testing uCarp failover ====
+Disable one interface on R2 for changing the VRRP states:
+<code>
+[root@R2]~#ifconfig em3 down
+[root@R2]~#cat /var/log/messages | grep ucarp
+Jul 27 17:53:59 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Switching to state: BACKUP
+Jul 27 17:53:59 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-down e
+Jul 29 01:03:11 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Non-preferred master advertising: reasserting control of VIP with another gratuitous arp
+Jul 29 01:03:12 R2 ucarp[1819]: [WARNING] Non-preferred master advertising: reasserting control of VIP with another gratuitous arp
+Jul 29 01:03:12 R2 ucarp[1815]: [WARNING] Non-preferred master advertising: reasserting control of VIP with another gratuitous arp
+</code>
+And check that R3 became the master:
+<code>
+[root@R3]~#tail -f /var/log/messages
+Jul 29 00:56:37 R3 ucarp[1225]: [WARNING] Switching to state: MASTER
+Jul 29 00:56:37 R3 ucarp[1225]: [WARNING] Spawning [/usr/local/sbin/ucarp-up em3 192.168.10.254]
+</code>
+And check that R1 still can reach R4:
+<code>
+[root@R1]~#ping 10.0.0.4
+PING 10.0.0.4 (10.0.0.4): 56 data bytes
+bytes from 10.0.0.4: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=2.321 ms
+bytes from 10.0.0.4: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=2.450 ms
+</code>