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Table of Contents
Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP)
This lab show an ECMP (feature called RADIX_MPATH on FreeBSD) routing example using BSDRP (FreeBSD 11).
Presentation
Network diagram
Setting-up the lab
Downloading BSD Router Project images
Download BSDRP serial image (prevent to have to use an X display) on Sourceforge.
Download Lab scripts
More information on these BSDRP lab scripts available on How to build a BSDRP router lab.
Start the lab with 6 routers. With bhyve under FreeBSD:
user:~ # BSDRP-lab-bhyve.sh -i BSDRP.amd64/BSDRP-1.71-full-amd64-serial.img.xz -n 6 BSD Router Project (http://bsdrp.net) - bhyve full-meshed lab script Setting-up a virtual lab with 6 VM(s): - Working directory: /tmp/BSDRP - Each VM have 1 core(s) and 256M RAM - Switch mode: bridge + tap - 0 LAN(s) between all VM - Full mesh Ethernet links between each VM VM 1 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 2. - vtnet1 connected to VM 3. - vtnet2 connected to VM 4. - vtnet3 connected to VM 5. - vtnet4 connected to VM 6. VM 2 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 1. - vtnet1 connected to VM 3. - vtnet2 connected to VM 4. - vtnet3 connected to VM 5. - vtnet4 connected to VM 6. VM 3 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 1. - vtnet1 connected to VM 2. - vtnet2 connected to VM 4. - vtnet3 connected to VM 5. - vtnet4 connected to VM 6. VM 4 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 1. - vtnet1 connected to VM 2. - vtnet2 connected to VM 3. - vtnet3 connected to VM 5. - vtnet4 connected to VM 6. VM 5 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 1. - vtnet1 connected to VM 2. - vtnet2 connected to VM 3. - vtnet3 connected to VM 4. - vtnet4 connected to VM 6. VM 6 have the following NIC: - vtnet0 connected to VM 1. - vtnet1 connected to VM 2. - vtnet2 connected to VM 3. - vtnet3 connected to VM 4. - vtnet4 connected to VM 5. For connecting to VM'serial console, you can use: - VM 1 : cu -l /dev/nmdm1B - VM 2 : cu -l /dev/nmdm2B - VM 3 : cu -l /dev/nmdm3B - VM 4 : cu -l /dev/nmdm4B - VM 5 : cu -l /dev/nmdm5B - VM 6 : cu -l /dev/nmdm6B
Static routing setup
VM 1 (client)
VM1 is configured as a simple host with multiples aliases:
sysrc hostname=R1 sysrc gateway_enable=NO sysrc ipv6_gateway_enable=NO sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0="inet 10.0.12.1/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias1="inet 10.0.12.11/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias2="inet 10.0.12.21/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias3="inet 10.0.12.31/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias4="inet 10.0.12.41/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias5="inet 10.0.12.51/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:12::1 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias61="inet6 2001:db8:12::11 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias62="inet6 2001:db8:12::21 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias63="inet6 2001:db8:12::31 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias64="inet6 2001:db8:12::41 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_alias65="inet6 2001:db8:12::51 prefixlen 64" sysrc defaultrouter="10.0.12.2" sysrc ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:db8:12::2" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
VM 2 (ECMP router)
VM 2 is a router with ECMP: 2 static routes toward the same destination but using 2 different next-hop.
sysrc hostname=R2 sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0="inet 10.0.12.2/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1="inet 10.0.23.2/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet2="inet 10.0.24.2/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet0_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:12::2 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:23::2 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet2_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:24::2 prefixlen 64" sysrc static_routes="R3R6 R3R5 R4R6 R4R5" sysrc route_R3R6="-net 10.0.56.0/24 10.0.23.3" sysrc route_R3R5="-net 10.0.35.0/24 10.0.23.3" sysrc route_R4R6="-net 10.0.56.0/24 10.0.24.4" sysrc route_R4R5="-net 10.0.45.0/24 10.0.24.4" sysrc ipv6_static_routes="R3R6 R3R5 R4R6 R4R5" sysrc ipv6_route_R3R6="2001:db8:56:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:23::3" sysrc ipv6_route_R3R5="2001:db8:35:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:23::3" sysrc ipv6_route_R4R6="2001:db8:56:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:24::4" sysrc ipv6_route_R4R5="2001:db8:45:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:24::4" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
VM 3 (router)
VM 3 is a simple router.
sysrc hostname=R3 sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1="inet 10.0.23.3/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3="inet 10.0.35.3/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:23::3 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:35::3 prefixlen 64" sysrc static_routes="R6 R1" sysrc route_R1="-net 10.0.12.0/24 10.0.23.2" sysrc route_R6="-net 10.0.56.0/24 10.0.35.5" sysrc ipv6_static_routes="R6 R1" sysrc ipv6_route_R1="2001:db8:12:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:23::2" sysrc ipv6_route_R6="2001:db8:56:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:35::5" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
VM 4 (router)
VM 4 is like VM 3, a simple router.
sysrc hostname=R4 sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1="inet 10.0.24.4/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3="inet 10.0.45.4/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet1_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:24::4 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:45::4 prefixlen 64" sysrc static_routes="R6 R1" sysrc route_R1="-net 10.0.12.0/24 10.0.24.2" sysrc route_R6="-net 10.0.56.0/24 10.0.45.5" sysrc ipv6_static_routes="R6 R1" sysrc ipv6_route_R1="2001:db8:12:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:24::2" sysrc ipv6_route_R6="2001:db8:56:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:45::5" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
VM 5 (ECMP router)
VM 5 is like VM 2, a router with ECMP: 2 static routing toward the same destination but using 2 different next-hop..
sysrc hostname=R5 sysrc ifconfig_vtnet2="inet 10.0.35.5/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3="inet 10.0.45.5/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4="inet 10.0.56.5/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet2_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:35::5 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet3_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:45::5 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:56::5 prefixlen 64" sysrc static_routes="R3R1 R3R2 R4R1 R4R2" sysrc route_R3R1="-net 10.0.12.0/24 10.0.35.3" sysrc route_R3R2="-net 10.0.23.0/24 10.0.35.3" sysrc route_R4R1="-net 10.0.12.0/24 10.0.45.4" sysrc route_R4R2="-net 10.0.24.0/24 10.0.45.4" sysrc ipv6_static_routes="R3R1 R3R2 R4R1 R4R2" sysrc ipv6_route_R3R1="2001:db8:12:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:35::3" sysrc ipv6_route_R3R2="2001:db8:23:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:35::3" sysrc ipv6_route_R4R1="2001:db8:12:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:45::4" sysrc ipv6_route_R4R2="2001:db8:24:: -prefixlen 64 2001:db8:45::4" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
Router 6 (server)
R6, like R1 is configured as a simple host with multiple aliases:
sysrc hostname=R6 sysrc gateway_enable=NO sysrc ipv6_gateway_enable=NO sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4="inet 10.0.56.6/24" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias1="inet 10.0.56.16/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias2="inet 10.0.56.26/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias3="inet 10.0.56.36/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias4="inet 10.0.56.46/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias5="inet 10.0.56.56/32" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_ipv6="inet6 2001:db8:56::6 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias61="inet6 2001:db8:56::16 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias62="inet6 2001:db8:56::26 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias63="inet6 2001:db8:56::36 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias64="inet6 2001:db8:56::46 prefixlen 64" sysrc ifconfig_vtnet4_alias65="inet6 2001:db8:56::56 prefixlen 64" sysrc defaultrouter="10.0.56.5" sysrc ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:db8:56::5" service hostname restart service netif restart service routing restart config save
Testing Load balancing
Flows from R1 to R6 should be load-balanced by R2 toward R3 and R4. Let's check using multiple sources and destination IP addresses:
Source | Destination | Ongoing path selected by R2 | Returning path selected by R5 |
---|---|---|---|
10.0.12.1 | 10.0.56.6 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.11 | 10.0.56.16 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.21 | 10.0.56.26 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.31 | 10.0.56.36 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.41 | 10.0.56.46 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.51 | 10.0.56.56 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::1 | 2001:db8:56::6 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::11 | 2001:db8:56::16 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::21 | 2001:db8:56::26 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::31 | 2001:db8:56::36 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::41 | 2001:db8:56::46 | R3 | R3 |
2001:db8:12::51 | 2001:db8:56::56 | R3 | R3 |
10.0.12.1 | 10.0.45.5 | R4 | R3 |